Background
Cytosolic and membrane-bound forms of glutathione S-transferase are encoded by two
distinct supergene families. These enzymes are involved in cellular defense against toxic,
carcinogenic, and pharmacologically active electrophilic compounds. At present, eight
distinct classes of the soluble cytoplasmic mammalian glutathione S-transferases have been
identified: alpha, kappa, mu, omega, pi, sigma, theta and zeta. This gene encodes a
glutathione S-tranferase belonging to the alpha class. The alpha class genes, which are
located in a cluster on chromosome 6, are highly related and encode enzymes with
glutathione peroxidase activity that function in the detoxification of lipid peroxidation
products. Reactive electrophiles produced by oxidative metabolism have been linked to a
number of degenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease,
cataract formation, and atherosclerosis.
