Background
The protein encoded by this gene is a bifunctional, cytosolic protein that functions as an
essential enzyme in the TCA cycle and interacts with mRNA to control the levels of iron
inside cells. When cellular iron levels are high, this protein binds to a 4Fe-4S cluster and
functions as an aconitase. Aconitases are iron-sulfur proteins that function to catalyze the
conversion of citrate to isocitrate. When cellular iron levels are low, the protein binds to ironresponsive elements (IREs), which are stem-loop structures found in the 5' UTR of ferritin
mRNA, and in the 3' UTR of transferrin receptor mRNA. When the protein binds to IRE, it
results in repression of translation of ferritin mRNA, and inhibition of degradation of the
otherwise rapidly degraded transferrin receptor mRNA. The encoded protein has been
identified as a moonlighting protein based on its ability to perform mechanistically distinct
functions. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants
